Pulp-digester



2 Sheets-Sheet 1 (No Model.)

E.A.D.'REYNOLDS.

u I PULP DIGESTER. 110.423.5911. Patente-d Mar. 18. 1890.

22M wo'ao I Q amoewtoz I (No Model.)

E. A. D. REYNOLDS." PULP DIGESTER.

2 Sheats--Sheet 2-.

' Patented Mar. 18, 1890.

gwvewtc z NiTED STATES.

PATENT vUtmos ELI A. D. REYNOLDS; OF APP LETQN WISCONSIN,

.PULP-DIGESTER.

SPECH'IOATIONforming-partfof Letters Patent No. 423,531, datedfiareh 1851890. I

To all whom/ it may concern:

Be it known that L'ELI A,-D'. REYNOLDS,- ofApplet'on, in the county of Outagami'e and State of'Wisconsimhav'invented certain new.

and useful Improvements in Pnlp-Digesters;

and do hereby declare the following to be a;

fnll,cle'ar, and exact descriptlonof the im.

vention, such as tvill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains' to ,make' and. nsethesame." V

My invention relates to cdigesters used to dis-integrate.the \fibrous tissues of wood and remiei" it a iioculent-mass by a complete separation of its filaments, the operation being conducted in. a closed chamber; into which the chips 01 fragments oI woodaro introduced,

along with a solution, of sulphurous acid, and thereinhoil'ed; this being'teohnically known as the ,bisulphite process? It is well known to those conversant with-the art that'the'strong solution oi siflphurons acid'employed' to reduce the wood to a-pnlp' by decomposition of 'albunnno'ns matter contained in its cellular tis'sneshas a very destructive .eifect upon the metallic shell'of the boiler, which to insure requisitestrength is usually made of iron or steel plate; When a charge of weodiandacidulons liquid isbeing-rnanipnlateti Within the digester=shel1,if proper meansarenot em or tinted paper ployed 'to-prevent-direc't contact; of the. acidwith the shell a "chemical action resiiltsj and the ironor steel is decomposed, producing a dark-colored residunm; which when incor'po- 1 rated with the charge of pulp-twill badly color it and renderit unfit for manufacture of white To overcome-weevil results of chemical decomposition just named numerous QGYIOGS have beenemployedwith'va'rying results.

' Experience indicates that the best lining' fora pulp-digestersh'ell is porcelain-"coated v brick, commercially knownf as glazed tileg I they-having enameled o1- vitreons facingwhich is nnafiected by acid"solntions. To i-ender the porcelain-faced tile available for-use as a lining-for pulp digesters, it; is necessary to provide a reliable means for securing themin place, and also of affording pei'iectly'acid-l proof joints between the brick when placed to form an inner shell for the digester-chamher. it is alsolmportant that there should Serial Ho. 27.619115. ,Qlo model) be aproper backingfor cushion-interposed between-the wall or brick and the metal shell of the digester-chamhe'r to permit a -limited expansion of the brick and shell Whenheated.

One object of my inventionisto provide a,

means forutilizing either asbestos, lead, or

their equivalent as a joint betweenf'ilie tiles A further object isito. provide an acid-proof joint interposed. between the. several rows of peculiarly constructed tileas additional means to prevent escape of acid solutionisfrom the interior chamber toward the metal shell- A further object 'is to furnish a pulp-(ligester with-agaseoes or 'fiuid .pack ing'-as air,

steam; or water-that is interposed between the inner surface of the metal shell and the adjacent surfaceot an improved construction of tile-lining wall,- so, as to permit expansion andoverooine any excess of expansion of the iron shell or. that of the brickwall and main tain a pressnre'sufiicientto hold the loriclziiintact, and if water is" nsedjtodiluteany acid which might enter this water-space rendering it,inert, and thusprevent-{corrosion of the metal shell of the digester,

A furtherobject is to furnish a digestershellhav ing a lining separatedjtherefi omgso as to form'a fluid-chamber-between their ad'- j'acent surfaces with a coatingwhi'chwill proteot it. from acid'solutions orl rust due to we fer-or; steam that-would "have contact theiswith if notso-protected, aplastio composition coated upon the interior surface of the shell being the; oreferred wayof protecting the 'shelli With these objects inwiew thy-invention consists in certain features of constmctionand combinations and arrangements of parts,

which will "be hereinafter described, and

' pointed out in the claims Referring-tomedi'awings' making a part of this speoifioatiomFigure 1 is aside elem tion,'in section, of'a digester-chamber with the tile-in position therein Fig; 2 represents an enlarged perspective new of several walltiles detached. Fig. 3 is adetached sectional elevation of several of the tiles composing the liningevall of the digester-ehamber.

A represents the metal shell of the .digester, which is preferably made cylindrical in form, stationary, and in an upright position, but by an obvious modification of form the digester may be made to rotate on trunnions, if desired.

The shell A, constructed of steel or iron plate, is preferably slightly inclined from the center toward the circumference on the lower surface and provided with a suitable outlet M, through whichthe contents may be discharged, the upper end being arched and provided with a man-hole covered by a plate E, held in place by a clamp E and bolt E in the usual manner employed to seal such orifices,

Within the snell A a wall of glazed tiles 0 is erected of such a proportionate diameter with regard to the shell A that there will be an annular space 13 between the wall and shell, said space being intended to receive a gaseous or fluid matter, as water, steam, or compressed air, preference being given to water as a filling forrthe space 13.

The bricks or tiles C that-compose the lining wall of the digester are made of proper form to joint together and have their opposite faces conform, so that a comparatively thin asbestus or. lead joint G may be 'introduced between the tiles to form acid-proof joints between them.

By inspection of Fig. 3 it will be seen that the bricks or tiles-C are provided with projecting tongues c and mating grooves C, which are adapted to interlock when the bricks are jointed together. These interlocked projections and corresponding channels are formed on the bricks at any preferred point on their surfaces between the concave inner vertical faces a and the convex faces I), which latter orm the surface of. the tile wall adjacent to 'the metal shell A.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, it will be seen that the tongues c are made as square-cornered projections from the vertical jointingfaces of the tiles 0, and the grooves, which are cut at proper points on the adjacent tiles, are adapted to conform to the tongues, so that the asbestus or sheet-metal joints G may be in troduced between the tongue-and-groove formations to produce a continuous joint from the inner concaveface of each adjacent pair of tiles to their convex surface, which is adjacent to the metal shell A, it being understood that there are vertical joints between each upright row of the tiles. There is also a ton gueand socket interlock of the horizontal faces of successive tiers or rows of the tiles as shown[ in Figs. 2 and 3, and consist of recesses or open socket-holes i, made in the faces on one side of the row of tiles, and tongues i,formed integral upon the adjoining 'row, that are in proper relative position to enter the sockets. It will be noticed that the tongues '11 are one.- half the width of a receiving-socket, so that two tongues formedon an adjacent pair of tiles will together enter one socket of a tile that may be in a row below the downwardlydepending tongues; or if the tiles are reversed,

so that the tongues are projected from the upper face of a row, then the sockets will be in the lower surface of the tier of the tiles above said projecting tongues, it beingevident that it is immaterial as to position of the tongues and sockets so that the general construction is as stated, which ,will adapt the sockets to hold two tiles of an adjoining row above or below it interlocked, and thus bind the entire lining-wall of tiles from displacement when it is erected within the shell A. The sheet lead or asbestus joints are also intrcducedbetween each successive tier or row of tiles..and these joints are all preferably coated with a heat and acid proof composition, which will be further explained in proper order. 7,

When the wall is erected within a digesterchamber, the material which forms the joints G is bent to conform to the shape of the tongues c and is coated with a plastic composition. I do not limit myself to any particular material for such coating, as there may beseveral compositions which will yield equally good results. I prefer to use a mixture of red lead or white lead and linseed-oil. in suitable pro-. portions to insure proper consistency as affording a plastic coating which will fill the interstices or slight inegualitiesin the surfaces of contact so as to form a solid joint, as heat will solidify such a plastic compound and render it hard as well as impervious to acid soiutions.

The oints G between the tiles C maybe calked or upset with .a proper tool, so as to spread them laterally, this being effected where the joints are exposed on the circular face of the lining-wall.

At any suitable point on the tiles, either in front or to the rear of the League-andgroove connections 0 c, the bed of the tiles are channeled, as atl, (S Fig )said charm nels surrounding each tile, so thatiannularrecesses are produced which mate and term a continuous ramification of grooves for the eception of asbestus joint material, which is.

made of such corresponding shape as to fit closely within the channels 6 and be therein embedded when the wall is erected. The asbestos joints e may alsp be coated with a to cover the other joint material, as has been described, which, when spread properly upon the asbestos joint e, will closeall crevices not filled by such material and thus render the joint etight and acid-proof. It is ofadvantage, also, to coat the interior of the shell A with the plastic composition just. namethas it,- will, if made of a semi-elastic material that expands under heat, protect measurably the shell from acid contact, and also prevent oxidation from water or steam contact. This is one of the features of my present invention. The'base B of the lining C is preferably no plastic compound similar to that employed I joints to be compressed by the wedge shape 1 a short distance below the bottom B.

made concave and provided at its center with an outlet 0. The brick forming the base or bottom. 13 may he ofany preferred form of construction, the outer row being made,preferably, of T shape to receive the bottom tier of bricks composing the side wall."

The bricks surrounding and forming the wall of the outlet or opening 0 are provided on their upper surfaces with a. recess 7.",adapted to receive the flange '10 of a lead, bronze, or other pipe P, capable of withstanding the ef feet of acid, which, pipe extends through the opening 0 and may be provided with a valve of any preferred construction, said valve being preferably made of or covered. with lead. if desired, thin sheets of asbestus k may be inserted between the pipe 1 and its flange and the brick surrounding the opening 0. ,A

fiangeQprojects from the pipe P. at a point This flange is provided with a series of screwthreadegl perforations for the passage of a.

series of screw-threaded bolts Z, which 'bearat their upper ends against the bottom plate of the shell A, and

thus clamp the pipe P to its position. I

It has been proposed to fasten the bricks or tile with bolts inserted in the shel1,-and also in the tile or the-joints between them. Such a method of construction will not secure the brick. or tile in place, asthe expansion of the shell by heat and the elongation of the metal bolts from the same cause will permit the internal pressure of a steam-charge to injuriously affect the joints.

, The annular space E, before referred to, may receive water under pressure slightly in excess of the internal pressure, so that the wall will be held intact, it being apparent that a superior counter-pressure applied to the outer face of the wall G will cause the of'the brick or tile and their interlocking tongues, sockets, and grooves. Steam-pressure or compressed air, if introduced within 1 the space B, will measurably support the lin-l ing-wall 0; but water is preferred as an en-,

velcping-jacket. I

it will be noticed by inspection of Fig. 1 that the annular intervening space E is continued from the base of the digester above the arched wall of the lining O, and that in the upper portion of the digester-shell A the inlet andoutlet pipes D D, respectively, are inserted through and aifixedin the shell. A

V to tap the space B, as shown.- The pipe 1) is intended for the introduction of gaseous or liquid-filling fluid. The water entering. through the pipe D, after circulating and heating, may be allowed to escape-orbe displaced by a constant inflow; or, if desired, any wellknown means may be provided to allow the water to expand, by which the increased volume of water, occasioned by heat, will'be provided for, so as to prevent a rupture of the shell A. If water is used, one or more watergages i will be attached to the shell -A,- s'oas to show if'there is any leak or Lllle a id solution into the crater-space,- for the l alrageof the acid into the water-space will color the water, and its'introducnon into the glass tube of the Watergage'I WiIl at once give warning of the leak through the tile wall 0.;

The cooking of the wood chipsor fragments within the digester-chamber is effected in the usual way by a perforated steam-coil R lo cated at the bottom of the chamber,-the steam enterin g said coil-by a pipe Rtwhich is passed through the lining C in-preciselythe same manner as pipe "P. As the steam-pressure employed for this purpose has a range of from sixty to-one hundred and twenty pounds per square inch, it is evident that such a press me would be liable. to affect theintegrity of the joints between the tile if they were not supported on the outer surface of the same, and for the'purpose' of preventing such a disaster t-he water -jacket aboye, referred to is provided.

The shell Ais' provided with a removable cap-section that is flanged at 'R,'said radial flange. being adapted to seat on and be attached to a mating flange R, formed on the the exact form shown; but,

top edge'of the cylindrical shell Aby boltsor- 5 too Having fully described my invention, what I claimas new,'and desire to tors Patent, is- 1; Ina pulp-dig'ester, the

secu're'by Letcombination, with a shell, of tiles, each having\-'a tongue p'rojecting from one side, a. groove 'at the oppo site side, a socket on'its' upper face, and

' tongues on its lower face, the-tongues of end tile being adapted to enter the corresponding grooves and sockets of the adjacentltiles, sub stantiallyas set forth. I N 2. In a pulp-digester, the combination' ofa shell and a lining separated from the shell so as toform an intermediate fiuid-space,.the said lining'being composed of tiles, each tile having tongues adapted to enter sockets in the nextadjacent tiles, and acid-proof filling located between the meeting faces of the tiles, substantially as set forth.

3. In a pulp digester, the .cbmbinatiom-with a shell, of a concentric' li'ning composed of 'tiles, each tile having sockets, tongues, anda continuous groove, the. latter being filled with an acid-proof material and located to register with the corresponding grooves in the adjacent tiles,. substautially as set forth. 4. .In a. pulp-digester, the combination, with a shell having a man-hole and cover, of a lining of glazed tiles, each tile having sockets and tongues, the tongues of one tile registering with the sockets in the'adjacent tiles,and acid-proof joint-plates shaped to correspond with the meeting faces of'the tiles and located between said tiles, substantially as set forth.

5. In a pnlp-digester, the combination, with a cylindrical shell, of a concentric wall or lining'of tile separated from the shell to form a fluid-chamber, said tiles being shaped to receive between them an acid-proof filling, tongues and grooves formed on the tiles, sockets to receive tongues, and devices for inlet and outlet of water in the fluid-chamber between the shell. and wall, substantially as set forth.

6. In a pulp-digester, the combination, with a cylindrical'shell, inlet and outlet valves in said shell, a man-hole, and a detachable cover for the man-hole, of a concentric tile wall,

each tile having tongues, sockets, and grooves. substantially as described, and acid-Proof joints introduced between the shell and liningwall of tiles, substantially as set forth.

7. In a pulp-digester, the combination, with a cylindrical shell, a man-hole, a cover, and means for securing the cover, of a concentric wall of glazed tiles, tongues, and mating grooves and sockets formed on and in these tiles, plate-lead joints placed between the adjacent faces of the tile, and a plastic heat and acid proof coating for the lead joint material, substantially as set forth. a

8. In a pulp-diges'tenthe combination, with 35 a cylindrical shell, a concentric wall of glazed tile, each tile having an annular channel formed in it, and a tongue, socket, and grooved interlocked joint between the tile, of acidproof filling between the tile and in the annular grooves and a plastic composition which is acid and heat proof and is applied to the joint material, between the tile, s ubst-antially as set forth.

' 9. In a pulp-digester, the combination, with a metal shell lined with acid,heat, and water proof material, of an inner lining of glazed tiles, each having tongues and sockets, the tongues of each tile registering with the sockets of the adjacent tiles, and acid-proof filling between the meeting faces of the tiles, substantially as set forth.

10. In a pulp-digester, the combination, with a metal shell, of an interior tile wall located so asto produce an annular space between itand the shell, and a film or thin coating of heat, acid, and water-proof material applied to the interiorsurface of the sh ell substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have. signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ELI A. D. REYNOLDS.

l-Vitnesses:

A. B. WHITMAN, A. MELVIN 'JoLE. 

